讲座预告 | 赵金华：Rebound Effects of New Irrigation Technologies: The Role of Water Rights

发布时间：2017-10-12

主讲人简介：

赵金华教授，于加州大学伯克利分校（UC Berkeley）获得博士学位，密歇根州立大学经济系，、农业、食品和资源经济教授，环境科学和政策项目主任. 现任美国环保署(EPA)科学顾问委员会、气候与能源委员会的咨询委员以及Annual Review of Resource Economics、Frontier of Economics in China等国际学术期刊的编委； 曾任Journal of Environmental Economics and Management (JEEM)的共同主编（co-editor）。其研究领域主要是环境和资源经济学，尤其关注环境管制、技术应用和在不确定性下进行的动态决策问题。

Jinhua Zhao received his PhD from UC Berkeley and is a Professor of Economics and director of the Environmental Science and Policy Program at Michigan State University and a special term professor at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. He serves on the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee of the US EPA’s Science Advisory Board and the Air, Climate and Energy Committee of EPA’s Board of Scientific Counselors. He was a co-editor of Journal of Environmental Economics and Management and is on the editorial committees of the Annual Review of Resource Economics and Frontier of Economics in China. He conducts research in the broad area of environmental and resource economics, with special interests in environmental regulation, technology adoption, and dynamic decision making under uncertainty.

讲座摘要：

我们探究了诸如水权这样的制度如何协同新的灌溉技术以促进美国农业的可持续性。我们利用堪萨斯州Ogallala 含水层的数据，发现采用更加高效的LEPA灌溉技术后，农业灌溉用水量反而增加，而且农民的水权越大，这种反弹效应会更高。LEPA的反弹效应大约有一半是由于取水者倾向于灌溉更多的土地和种植更多的水资源密集型作物，剩下的一半则归功于更为密集的灌溉。拥有较大水权的农民使用更多的水，其中三分之二的效应是源于灌溉更多的土地和种植更多的水资源密集型作物，四分之一的效应的归功于更为密集的灌溉。水权减少10％，长期用水量将减少6％，如果减排目标针对的是100〜500立方米的水权，预计用水量下降4.6％，LEPA的反弹效应下降15.4％。最后，我们发现农民有少量用水来维护自己水权的动力，但相关的水资源浪费并不显著。

We study how institutions such as water rights can complement new irrigation technologies in promoting the sustainability of US agriculture. Using data from the Ogallala-High Plains Aquifer region of Kansas, we find that water extraction moderately increases after adoption of LEPA irrigation, and this rebound effect is in general higher for farmers with larger water rights. About half of the LEPA’s rebound effects arise because adopters tend to irrigate more land and grow more water intensive crops, with the remaining half attributable to more intensive irrigation. Farmers with larger water rights use more water, with two thirds of the effects arising through irrigating more land and growing more water intensive crops, and a quarter of the effects attributable to more intensive irrigation. A 10% reduction of water rights will reduce water use by 6% in the long run, and if the reduction targets water rights between 100 and 500 AF, the expected water use decreases by 4.6% and LEPA’s rebound effect decreases by 15.4%. Finally, we find that farmers have incentive to apply a small amount of water in order to preserve their water rights, but the associated water waste is insignificant.